What exactly is the difference between a surge protector and a fuse? Can a fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of surge protector?

Here is a simplified AC power diagram.

This is a photo where a lightning bolt took out a home's complete mains distribution box, and a lot of electronic gear as well.

And this is the problem alone. Is the power supply in the equipmemt designed with a lightning strike in mind? Some yes, others, no.

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so, what happens?

2024–09–27 [ Mohan Rajaratnam Mohan Rajaratnam ] . Thinks you can get free electricity from nothing : Mohan Rajaratnam's answer to Is it possible to generate free electricity at home using a magnet or other low-cost methods? If so, how does it work?

The other is “what does a “fuse” do?”

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He then describes the function of a fuse.

The bolt then partially travels down the line to your home.

Is the question then , "why buy a surge supressor, if the fuse alone protects the electronic circuits from a lightning bolt?".

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2024–10–00 [ Ammar Mahdi ] Ammar Mahdi

[old diagram got deleted by accident]

This is 'the assistant's answer'

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Edit 2024–10.

But… the neutral is now “floating” because of the 1 ohm resistance.

At least they know the answer if they wanted it.

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OK, this is Mohan Rajaratnam’s definition of a Surge suppressor.

So, it’s possible that these devices from Trip Lite have addition suppression devices, these ones seem to be sturdy.

This is an electronic circuit designed to clamp voltages so that the Voltage Potential that appears at the outlet is never going to exceed the nominal value.

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the problem then depends on "how fast does the fuse operate?".

First Sentence:

These are simplified answers to the original question, and does not change anything I wrote above.

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(Dc diagram shown, AC is similar).

2024–10–10[John johnson John Johnson ]

2024–10–16 [ OO OLAOYE OYEBODE ]

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Can the fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of a surge protector.

Lightning arrestor is a spark-gap device, and can be installed anywhere. What is important, is that the wire is thick enough to withstand the lightning bolt and conduct the energy away from the building.

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What is lightning?

There are three different concepts here that are getting confused.

These devices are installed between the “hot” and “neutral” and protective ground.

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“ A fuse is a device which protects the (circuit) against overload and short circuit.”

This device then solves the entire problem.

what exactly is a ‘surge’ protector?

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This is where this question deviates from being a 'generic' question, and becomes more specific.

“ A surge suppressor is the one which is connected at the input supply so that when there is a sudden change voltage it bypasses thereby protecting the (circuit) and electronic components”

but this device (an Inductor) … impedes the rapid changes in the current.

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Because the load is inductive, the current lags the voltage.(by a bit).

When the current is 200% of the rated value , it will “go open” (the link metal melts) and protect the device.

so, the loop of wire then, when put together with another loop reduces the ‘noise’ on a power line.

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There is no harm in having the surge suppressor along with the fuse in the circuit. The fuse will not open up until the current melts the link. This will take time, and in the interim, that jolt will get transmitted into the power supplies.

Now when you have a certain ac resistance, then a current flows in a loop.

So combined with a device called a MOV or Metal-oxide-resistor, then forms the 3rd part of a “surge suppressor “.

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Would individual surge supressors have save this equipment? most likely, since the surge supressor would take the jolt instead of the electronic components.

Mohan forgets that a fuse is a one-time device, and needs to be replaced if it is tripped.

At one ohm, the resistor has a maximum of 1 watt power.

What does a fuse do?

He then describes Rainy Season and Lightning.

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This one hit behind the barn.

This is the picture of an electronic coil of wire wound around a core of magnetic material.

It seems Mohan does not understand the difference between a comment and an Answer.

I post the exact comment here.

This is where the MOV conducts again, and dissipated the energy.

So, the voltage could go up to 500 volts, and the fuse will not open up.

It also is a device that limits the change in current flow.

The third is lightning and “how it gets conducted into a home.”

The MOV will conduct when the voltage exceeds 50% of line voltage.

One is “what exactly is in a ‘surge protector’ ? ”

At the secondary, it is 1000 times less.)turns ratio). If it gets hit with a 100,000 volt bolt of lightning then the voltage arrestors conduct and clamp the voltage down to line voltage, ( but a small amount leaks down the line). This is the problem.

In schematic diagrams this is the symbol for a fuse:

P = e* I, so since I is 16 amps, then the voltage dropped is 1/16 volt or 0.0650 volts.

An AC voltage/ current source, and an ac inductive load.

But during the surge, the fuse will not blow if it is a longer duration and lower value )10 to 50%).

2024–10–11 [Victor Olarewsju Victor Olarewaju ]

[image of Common-mode choke]

But it can get overloaded, and no longer works.

a photo is worth a thousand words.

He then asserts :

“ … to protect building, lightning arrestor, is provided above building and directly connected to earth.”

This is a high voltage low current spike that comes down the line because of the power poles being struck, and the voltage suppressors activating on the primary side of the transformer.

It’s been three xxx five werks, and there has been no response to my follow on query on his Commment to my answer.

Once the voltage goes over 0.0650 volts, then this fact can be used to amplify the difference, and turn the circuit breaker off , furthur down the line. Essentially that is what a RCD/GFCI does, it compares the incoming current, to the outgoing current, and if the difference between the two currents is over 5mA, then it trips the circuit breaker.

If the nominal power is 4,000 watts then the current at 230volts is 16 amps.

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For this case there are devices called Metal oxide varistors (MOV).

(There is no concept of polarity, in the loop because the current changes direction 100 to 120 times a second (power frequency).

A circuit breaker is similar, but is resettable.

One

There are two important concepts here.

2024–10–11 [Bobby Sanchez Bobby Sanchez ].

Fuses, on their own, then operate much slower than the MOV variable resistance, during the lightning strike.

2024–10–14 [Omar Gharbi Omar Gharbi ]

Upvotes:

but I think this circuit , shows a few more pieces.

A fuse is a non-resetable over current circuit protector.